India green cover fell from approximately 36.95% of the country’s area in 2001 to 31.35% in 2025, while non-green land expanded, an analysis released on October 26, 2026, found.

India green cover and land-use change

Climate Trends, a Delhi-based climate research organization, found that non-green land increased from 63.05% to 68.65% over the same period. The 5.6 percentage-point change reflects an expansion of human-modified and sparsely vegetated surfaces across large parts of India.

Summer temperature differences

The analysis found that the difference in average summer temperature between green and non-green land-cover categories ranged from approximately 1 to 2.5 degrees Celsius between 2001 and 2025.

Regions where green cover declined generally coincided with stronger summer warming, although the study said regional climate forcing also influenced the temperature rise.

Palak Balyan, research lead at Climate Trends, said vegetation helps regulate local thermal conditions through evapotranspiration, shading and moisture retention.

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