Margin debt growth slowed sharply in September, even as the amount investors borrowed to buy securities remained close to its June record. Bank of America technical strategist Paul Ciana says the slowdown in borrowing momentum could be a warning sign for stocks.

Key Takeaways

  • Annual growth in margin debt fell to 31.4% in September from 53.7% in May.
  • September borrowing stood at $1.48 trillion, 1.5% below June’s record.
  • Ciana says similar slowdowns from extreme growth rates have been associated with past market peaks.

Margin debt growth retreats from May peak

Recent Financial Industry Regulatory Authority data show that annual growth in margin debt slowed substantially between May and September 2026. Earlier in the year, borrowing was increasing much faster than stocks were rising.

May’s 53.7% growth rate was the fourth highest since 1998, based on Bank of America’s analysis. The three higher readings occurred in 2000, 2007 and 2021, before stock market declines.

The historical pattern is a warning identified by Ciana, not a confirmation that a market decline will follow.

Why leverage matters in a downturn

Although growth has slowed, margin debt remained high in September at $1.48 trillion, compared with June’s record of $1.5 trillion. When prices fall, leveraged investors can face demands for more collateral or forced sales, potentially adding to selling pressure.

Bank of America also identified widening high-yield credit spreads and a shift toward defensive sectors, including healthcare and consumer staples, as market warning signs.

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